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MPR

1 背景:

vtk关于三维影像(图片)的提取有两个类,vtkExtractVOI**和**vtkImageReslice。合理运用这两个可以实现任意大小、方向的三维影像切割。
doxygen文档:vtkExtractVOIvtkImageReslice

2 案例:

用这两个类实现的demo,先用**vtkImageReslice**过影像中心,和process坐标系切割影像。让后计算四个点到中心距离换算为新影像上对应的坐标,再用**vtkExtractVOI**切割。实现任意方向、大小的模型切割。这种方式一次只能且两个轴,所以再重复一次(第二次x和y正好反向)。计算时候不能忽略间隙,否则新切割出来的会变形。
- process x轴:长轴(鼠标选的前两个点)方向;
- process y轴:original 的Z轴方向;
- process z轴:鼠标选的后两个点方向。

四个点选择使用的是**vtkBiDimensionalWidget**

3 切割类介绍

3.1 vtkExtractVOI

vtkExtractVOI是一个筛选器,用于选择一部分输入结构化点数据集或对输入数据集进行子采样。(感兴趣的选定部分称为感兴趣的体积或VOI。)此过滤器的输出是结构化的点数据集。该过滤器处理任何拓扑尺寸(即点,线,图像或体积)的输入数据,并可以生成任何拓扑尺寸的输出数据。
要使用此过滤器,请设置VOI ivar,它们是ijk最小/最大索引,用于指定数据中的矩形区域。(请注意,这些是0偏移。)您还可以指定采样率对数据进行二次采样。
该过滤器的典型应用是从体积中提取切片以进行图像处理,对大体积进行二次采样以减小数据大小,或使用感兴趣的数据提取体积区域。
用法:

virtual void    SetVOI (int[6]) 
// 提取roi在原来影像坐标系上的对角坐标
virtual void    SetSampleRate (int, int, int)
// xyz三个轴上的采样频率

3.2 vtkImageReslice

沿一组新轴重新切割体积。
**vtkImageReslice**是图像几何过滤器的瑞士军刀:它可以以相当高的效率以任意组合来置换,旋转,翻转,缩放,重采样,变形和填充图像数据。
用法:

    SetOutputDimensionality (int);
    // 设置输出 结果是几维的 1/2/3
    SetResliceAxes (vtkMatrix4x4 *);
    // 设置变换矩阵
    SetInterpolationModeToLinear();
    // 设置采样方法

变换矩阵有很多接口输入

重采样方法:线性、三次线性、最邻近

4 案例实现

4.1 切割的实现:

计算新坐标系用**vtkImageReslice**切割

    QList<QList<double>>points = original_bidimensional_->GetDisplayPosition();
    QList<double> center = vti_original_widget_->GetCenter();
    QList<double> origin = vti_original_widget_->GetOrigin();
    QList<double> spacing = vti_original_widget_->GetSpacing();
    QList<qint32> extent = vti_original_widget_->GetExtent();
    double k = (points.at(0).at(1) - points.at(1).at(1)) /
               (points.at(0).at(0) - points.at(1).at(0));
    double jiaodu = atan(k);
    double axialElements[16] = {
        cos(jiaodu), 0, cos(jiaodu + 1.57), 0,
        sin(jiaodu), 0,  sin(jiaodu + 1.57), 0,
        0, 1, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 1
    };
    vtkNew<vtkMatrix4x4> resliceAxes ;
    resliceAxes->DeepCopy(axialElements);
    resliceAxes->SetElement(0, 3, center.at(0));
    resliceAxes->SetElement(1, 3, center.at(1));
    resliceAxes->SetElement(2, 3, center.at(2));
    vtkNew<vtkImageReslice> reslice;
    reslice->SetInputData(vti_original_widget_->GetVtkImageData());
    reslice->SetOutputDimensionality(3);
    reslice->SetResliceAxes(resliceAxes);
    reslice->SetInterpolationModeToLinear();
    reslice->Update();

计算距离,用**vtkExtractVOI**提取。

int dims[3];
    reslice->GetOutput()->GetDimensions(dims);
    vtkNew<vtkExtractVOI>  extract_voi;
    extract_voi->SetInputData(reslice->GetOutput());
    qint32 new_z1, new_z2, new_y1, new_y2;
    {
        double b = center.at(1) - center.at(0) * k;
        double line_a, line_b, line_c;
        line_a = k;
        line_b = -1;
        line_c = b;
        double length1, length2;
        length1 = abs(line_a * points.at(2).at(0) +
                      line_b * points.at(2).at(1) +
                      line_c)
                  / sqrt(line_a * line_a + line_b * line_b);
        length2 = abs(line_a * points.at(3).at(0) +
                      line_b * points.at(3).at(1) +
                      line_c)
                  / sqrt(line_a * line_a + line_b * line_b);
        new_z1 =
            static_cast<qint32>(0.5 * (extent.at(1) - extent.at(0)) - length1 / spacing.at(0));
        new_z2 =
            static_cast<qint32>(0.5 * (extent.at(1) - extent.at(0)) + length2 / spacing.at(0));
    }
    {
        double b = center.at(1) - center.at(0) * (-1 / k);
        double line_a, line_b, line_c;
        line_a = -1 / k;
        line_b = -1;
        line_c = b;
        double length1, length2;
        length1 = abs(line_a * points.at(1).at(0) +
                      line_b * points.at(1).at(1) +
                      line_c)
                  / sqrt(line_a * line_a + line_b * line_b);
        length2 = abs(line_a * points.at(0).at(0) +
                      line_b * points.at(0).at(1) +
                      line_c)
                  / sqrt(line_a * line_a + line_b * line_b);
        new_y1 =
            static_cast<qint32>(0.5 * (extent.at(3) - extent.at(2)) -
                                (length1 / spacing.at(0)));
        new_y2 =
            static_cast<qint32>(0.5 * (extent.at(3) - extent.at(2)) +
                                (length2 / spacing.at(0)));
    }
    extract_voi->SetVOI(
        new_y1 > new_y2 ? new_y2 : new_y1,
        new_y1 > new_y2 ? new_y1 : new_y2,
        0, dims[1],
        new_z1 > new_z2 ? new_z2 : new_z1,
        new_z1 > new_z2 ? new_z1 : new_z2
    );
    extract_voi->Update();
    vti_process_widget_->SetVtkImageData(extract_voi->GetOutput());
    vti_process_widget_->BuildView();

4.2 计算焦点点:

**vtkBiDimensionalRepresentation2D**好像只有四个点世界坐标和局部坐标以及两条直线长度,没有中心焦点,需要自己求一下。

QList<QList<double> > ImageBiDimensional::GetDisplayPosition() const {
    double p1[3];
    representation_->GetPoint1WorldPosition(p1);
    double p2[3];
    representation_->GetPoint2WorldPosition(p2);
    double p3[3];
    representation_->GetPoint3WorldPosition(p3);
    double p4[3];
    representation_->GetPoint4WorldPosition(p4);
    QList<QList<double>>points;
    QList<double> point1, point2, point3, point4, point5;
    point1 << p1[0] << p1[1] << p1[2];
    point2 << p2[0] << p2[1] << p2[2];
    point3 << p3[0] << p3[1] << p3[2];
    point4 << p4[0] << p4[1] << p4[2];
    points << point1 << point2 << point3 << point4;
    double p5[2];
    double a1 = p2[1] - p1[1];
    double b1 = p1[0] - p2[0];
    double c1 = p1[0] * p2[1] - p2[0] * p1[1];
    double a2 = p4[1] - p3[1];
    double b2 = p3[0] - p4[0];
    double c2 = p3[0] * p4[1] - p4[0] * p3[1];
    double det = a1 * b2 - a2 * b1;
    p5[0] = (c1 * b2 - c2 * b1) / det;
    p5[1] = (a1 * c2 - a2 * c1) / det;
    point5 << p5[0] << p5[1];
    points << point5;
    return  points;
}

4.3 一般输入影像都是dcm,需要保存成vti:

感觉 **vtkDICOMXXXXX**贼难用,所以dcm、nii影像都用itk读写,让后转换成vti。mhd可以直接用vtk读写。

    IntensityWindowingImageFilterType::Pointer intensityFilter =
        IntensityWindowingImageFilterType::New();
    ReaderType::Pointer reader = ReaderType::New();
    ImageIOType::Pointer dicomIO = ImageIOType::New();
    reader->SetImageIO(dicomIO);
    NamesGeneratorType::Pointer nameGenerator = NamesGeneratorType::New();
    nameGenerator->SetUseSeriesDetails(true);
    nameGenerator->SetDirectory("/home/yx/Pictures/影像/Deeplv_测试影像/75%");
    using SeriesIdContainer = std::vector< std::string >;
    const SeriesIdContainer &seriesUID = nameGenerator->GetSeriesUIDs();
    auto seriesItr = seriesUID.begin();
    auto seriesEnd = seriesUID.end();
    using FileNamesContainer = std::vector< std::string >;
    FileNamesContainer fileNames ;
    std::string seriesIdentifier;
    while (seriesItr != seriesEnd) {
        seriesIdentifier = seriesItr->c_str();
        fileNames = nameGenerator->GetFileNames(seriesIdentifier);
        ++seriesItr;
    }
    reader->SetFileNames(fileNames);
    try {
        reader->Update();
    } catch (itk::ExceptionObject &ex) {
        Q_UNUSED(ex)
        qWarning() << "read error";
    }
    intensityFilter->SetInput(reader->GetOutput());
    intensityFilter->SetWindowMinimum(-200);
    intensityFilter->SetWindowMaximum(400);
    intensityFilter->SetOutputMinimum(0);
    intensityFilter->SetOutputMaximum(1);
    intensityFilter->Update();
    typedef itk::ImageToVTKImageFilter< ImageType> itkTovtkFilterType;
    itkTovtkFilterType::Pointer itkTovtkImageFilter = itkTovtkFilterType::New();
    itkTovtkImageFilter->SetInput(intensityFilter->GetOutput());
    itkTovtkImageFilter->Update();
    vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData> double_image_;
    if (double_image_ == nullptr) {
        double_image_ = vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageData>::New();
    }
    double_image_->DeepCopy(itkTovtkImageFilter->GetOutput());
    qint32 extent[6];
    double spacing[3];
    double origin[3];
    double_image_->GetExtent(extent);
    double_image_->GetSpacing(spacing);
    double_image_->GetOrigin(origin);
    qDebug() << extent[0] << extent[1] << extent[2] << extent[3] << extent[4] << extent[5];
    qDebug() << spacing[0] << spacing[1] << spacing[2];
    qDebug() << origin[0] << origin[1] << origin[2];
    vtkNew<vtkXMLImageDataWriter> writer;
    writer->SetInputData(double_image_);
    writer->SetFileName("/home/yx/Desktop/original.vti");
    writer->Write();